These controversies concerning the relationships amongst citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs may be due to ways in which OCBs are calculated. During the literature, OCBs have usually been described as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are struggling to recognize the behavioural motivations underlying OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4